催化器OBD诊断监测频率功能的研究与验证

介绍了利用储氧量(OSC)法对催化器进行OBD故障诊断的原理,并介绍了法规新增的监测频率(IUPR)功能。通过转鼓试验,验证了在NEDC,FTP75和JC08循环中催化器诊断的完成情况和相应的IUPR率的增长情况。通过实际道路试验,观察IUPR率的变化规律,我们得出:经过一定里程后,同一OBD系族车型催化器诊断的IUPR率趋于稳定一致,可以作为该车型在用符合性检查的数据指标。     

热辣2号辣椒纯度鉴定及优良自交系遗传多样性分析

为了提高种子质量和充分利用辣椒种质资源,应用SSR分子标记对热辣2号杂交种纯度进行鉴定并对部分辣椒优良自交系进行遗传多样性分析。以热辣2号母本材料CAYB02和父本材料CAYB01为模板筛选85对辣椒SSR引物,其中12对引物在亲本间能扩增出明显的多态性,多态性比率为14.12%,多态性标记分别位于辣椒1、3、4、6、7、9、11、12号染色体,利用3对位于不同染色体上的SSR标记对热辣2号黄灯笼椒杂交种的纯度进行鉴定,热辣2号种子纯度为98.79%,标记鉴定结果与田间鉴定结果一致。研究结果表明,利用SSR标记鉴定辣椒杂交种纯度是切实可行的。利用12对多态性明显、稳定可靠的SSR引物对部分辣椒自交系进行遗传多样性分析,共扩增出60条条带,多态性位点比率为100%,平均每对引物检测出5个等位基因。30份辣椒自交系间遗传相似系数变幅为0.33~1.00,平均为0.65,表明供试材料间具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.47时,可以将中国辣椒和一年生辣椒区分开来。在遗传相似系数为0.85时,30份辣椒优良自交系分为11个类群,辣椒种质遗传关系与地理来源和农艺性状具有一定的相关性。     

1株猪丹毒杆菌的分离与鉴定

为确定导致安徽和县某猪场猪只发病的病原,从该猪场送检病料(心、肺、脾、肝)中分离并纯化细菌,根据其形态特征、PCR鉴定及生化试验结果,确诊为猪丹毒杆菌。spa A基因序列分析结果显示该菌与猪丹毒杆菌G4T10(Gen Bank登录号:KF150604.1)有99%的同源性。全自动生化反应报告该菌为丹毒丝菌的概率高达95%。小鼠攻毒试验表明,试验组小鼠在腹股沟皮下注射该菌后,4 d内全部死亡;死亡小鼠剖检可见全身败血性出血,各脏器均有病变,从死亡小鼠的血液、心、肝、脾、肺等组织中分离到与该感染菌株形态特征完全一致的细菌。药敏试验结果表明,该菌对β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素敏感,对链霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、多西环素、林可霉素和磺胺异恶唑耐受。     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

新疆石河子地区牛支原体的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

【目的】确定引起新疆石河子地区集约化牛场常发性肺炎的主要病原同时进行病原的体外药物敏感性分析。【方法】采集有典型咳嗽、流涕症状的牛鼻拭子10份和病死牛肺脏组织1份,用牛支原体特异性引物进行PCR检测,将检测为阳性的样本进行病原培养纯化,对纯化后的分离株菌落进行形态学观察、Dienes染色、生化试验及16S rRNA测序和进化分析,通过测定颜色变化单位(CCU)测定分离株生长曲线,并对分离株进行药物敏感性试验。【结果】PCR结果显示,10份鼻拭子中检测出7份牛支原体阳性样本,1份病死牛肺脏组织也检测为阳性;在涂有肺脏组织研磨液培养液的PPLO固体培养基上长出针尖状的菌落,纯化后分离株菌落形态为典型的煎蛋状;Dienes染色可见明显的深蓝色中心脐;生化试验结果显示,分离株不水解明胶、精氨酸、七叶苷,不发酵乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露醇,不分解尿素,可还原氯化三苯基四氮唑;16S rRNA测序结果显示,分离株与牛支原体国际标准株PG45相似性为99.7%,与国内牛支原体地方流行株XBY01、Ningxia-1、NM2012、Tibet-10的相似性最高,均为99.9%;生长曲线测定结果显示,分离株在培养基中生长6 h后进入对数生长期,54 h时达到高峰进入稳定期,72 h后进入衰亡期;药物敏感性试验结果显示,分离株对呋喃妥因、四环素和多西环素、庆大霉素和卡那霉素敏感,对诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星中介,而对环丙沙星、洛美沙星及阿奇霉素和红霉素耐药。【结论】本研究成功从肺脏组织中分离鉴定出1株牛支原体,培养54 h是该分离株的最佳收获时间,与国内大多数牛支原体地方流行株差异较小,整体遗传进化相对稳定,有一定的耐药性,本研究结果可为当地对牛支原体的防控提供参考,也为牛支原体致病机制研究及疫苗研发奠定基础。     

Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

内蒙古普通菜豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定

<正>普通菜豆(Common bean),俗称芸豆(Kidney bean),为豆科(Fabaceae)菜豆属一年生草本植物,营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,既是蔬菜又是粮食,是重要的农副产品。内蒙古自治区是我国种植普通菜豆的主要地区之一。随着普通菜豆栽培面积以及连作年限不断增加,病虫害问题日益突出,尤其是枯萎病,严重影响了普通菜豆的产量和品质,已成为限制普通菜豆产业可持续发展的主要因素之一。2021年7月,     

安徽药用牡丹炭疽病病原菌鉴定

<正>牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)是芍药科植物,为多年生落叶灌木,具有很高的观赏和药用价值。因其风姿华丽、色彩艳丽、品种繁多、深受大家喜爱,是中国传统名花和世界著名花卉之一。其根皮也被称为丹皮,具有抗炎、抑制血小板、止痛、清热等作用,是六味地黄丸等著名中成药的主要配方,也是饮片中的常用品[1-2]。近年来,随着牡丹种植面积的不断扩大,造成牡丹病害的大面积发生,已给牡丹生产带来严重影响。     

多花黄精炭疽病病原菌鉴定

炭疽病是多花黄精最严重的病害之一。本研究从重庆市万州区采集疑似为炭疽病的多花黄精病叶,分离培养获得了培养性状不同的2株炭疽菌,致病性测定表明这2株菌株都可引起多花黄精炭疽病;利用核糖体内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)、肌动蛋白(ACT)、几丁质合成酶(CHS-1)和β-微管蛋白(TUB)基因进行多基因系统发育分析,发现这2株菌株分别与松针炭疽菌Colletotrichum fioriniae和博宁炭疽菌C.boninense聚在一起,形成明显分支。结合形态学特点,确定引起多花黄精炭疽病的病原菌为松针炭疽菌C.fioriniae和博宁炭疽菌C.boninense。其中松针炭疽菌C.fioriniae引起黄精炭疽病是首次报道。